1    22 97 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE AS A CLINICAL BIOMARKER: FLUORESCENCE-BASED ASSAY FOR HIGH-THROUGHPUT EPIGENETIC QUANTIFICATION IN HUMAN TISSUES. EPIGENETIC TRANSFORMATIONS MAY PROVIDE EARLY INDICATORS FOR CANCER AND OTHER DISEASE. SPECIFICALLY, THE AMOUNT OF GENOMIC 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5-HMC) WAS SHOWN TO BE GLOBALLY REDUCED IN A WIDE RANGE OF CANCERS. THE INTEGRATION OF THIS GLOBAL BIOMARKER INTO DIAGNOSTIC WORKFLOWS IS HAMPERED BY THE LIMITATIONS OF CURRENT 5-HMC QUANTIFICATION METHODS. HERE WE PRESENT AND VALIDATE A FLUORESCENCE-BASED PLATFORM FOR HIGH-THROUGHPUT AND COST-EFFECTIVE QUANTIFICATION OF GLOBAL GENOMIC 5-HMC LEVELS. WE UTILIZED THE ASSAY TO CHARACTERIZE CANCEROUS TISSUES BASED ON THEIR 5-HMC CONTENT, AND OBSERVED A PRONOUNCED REDUCTION IN 5-HMC LEVEL IN VARIOUS CANCER TYPES. WE PRESENT DATA FOR GLIOBLASTOMA, COLORECTAL CANCER, MULTIPLE MYELOMA, CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA AND PANCREATIC CANCER, COMPARED TO CORRESPONDING CONTROLS. POTENTIALLY, THE TECHNIQUE COULD ALSO BE USED TO FOLLOW RESPONSE TO TREATMENT FOR PERSONALIZED TREATMENT SELECTION. WE PRESENT INITIAL PROOF-OF-CONCEPT DATA FOR TREATMENT OF FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
2  3616 19 IN VITRO MODELING OF CD8 T CELL EXHAUSTION ENABLES CRISPR SCREENING TO REVEAL A ROLE FOR BHLHE40. IDENTIFYING NOVEL MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF EXHAUSTED CD8 T CELLS (T (EX) ) IS A KEY GOAL OF IMPROVING IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES. HOWEVER, HIGH-THROUGHPUT INTERROGATION OF IN VIVO T (EX) CAN BE COSTLY AND INEFFICIENT. IN VITRO MODELS OF T (EX) ARE EASILY CUSTOMIZABLE AND QUICKLY GENERATE HIGH CELLULAR YIELD, OFFERING AN OPPORTUNITY TO PERFORM CRISPR SCREENING AND OTHER HIGH-THROUGHPUT ASSAYS. WE ESTABLISHED AN IN VITRO MODEL OF CHRONIC STIMULATION AND BENCHMARKED KEY PHENOTYPIC, FUNCTIONAL, TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND EPIGENETIC FEATURES AGAINST BONA FIDE IN VIVO T (EX) . WE LEVERAGED THIS MODEL OF IN VITRO CHRONIC STIMULATION IN COMBINATION WITH POOLED CRISPR SCREENING TO UNCOVER TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS OF T CELL EXHAUSTION. THIS APPROACH IDENTIFIED SEVERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, INCLUDING BHLHE40. IN VITRO AND IN VIVO VALIDATION DEFINED A ROLE FOR BHLHE40 IN REGULATING A KEY DIFFERENTIATION CHECKPOINT BETWEEN PROGENITOR AND INTERMEDIATE SUBSETS OF T (EX) . BY DEVELOPING AND BENCHMARKING AN IN VITRO MODEL OF T (EX) , WE DEMONSTRATE THE UTILITY OF MECHANISTICALLY ANNOTATED IN VITRO MODELS OF T (EX) , IN COMBINATION WITH HIGH-THROUGHPUT APPROACHES, AS A DISCOVERY PIPELINE TO UNCOVER NOVEL T (EX) BIOLOGY.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
3  5120 24 POSSIBLE EPIGENETIC REGULATORY EFFECT OF DYSREGULATED CIRCULAR RNAS IN EPILEPSY. CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS) INVOLVE IN THE EPIGENETIC REGULATION AND ITS MAJOR MECHANISM IS THE SEQUESTRATION OF THE TARGET MICRO RNAS (MIRNAS). WE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CIRCRNAS MIGHT BE RELATED WITH THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC EPILEPSY AND EVALUATED THE ALTERED CIRCRNA EXPRESSIONS AND THEIR POSSIBLE REGULATORY EFFECTS ON THEIR TARGET MIRNAS AND MRNAS IN A MOUSE EPILEPSY MODEL. THE CIRCRNA EXPRESSION PROFILE IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF THE PILOCARPINE MICE WAS ANALYZED AND COMPARED WITH CONTROL. THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE EXPRESSION OF MIRNA BINDING SITES (MIRNA RESPONSE ELEMENTS, MRE) IN THE DYSREGULATED CIRCRNAS AND THE EXPRESSION OF THEIR TARGET MIRNAS WAS EVALUATED. AS MIRNAS ALSO INHIBIT THEIR TARGET MRNAS, CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA REGULATORY NETWORK, COMPRISED OF DYSREGULATED RNAS THAT TARGETS ONE ANOTHER WERE SEARCHED. FOR THE IDENTIFIED NETWORKS, BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED. AS THE RESULT, FORTY-THREE CIRCRNAS WERE DYSREGULATED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS (UP-REGULATED, 26; DOWN-REGULATED, 17). THE CHANGE IN THE EXPRESSION OF MRE IN THOSE CIRCRNAS NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE CHANGE IN THE RELEVANT TARGET MIRNA EXPRESSION (R = -0.461, P<0.001), SUPPORTING THAT CIRCRNAS INHIBIT THEIR TARGET MIRNA. 333 DYSREGULATED CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA NETWORKS WERE IDENTIFIED. GENE ONTOLOGY AND PATHWAY ANALYSES DEMONSTRATED THAT THE UP-REGULATED MRNAS IN THOSE NETWORKS WERE CLOSELY RELATED TO THE MAJOR PROCESSES IN EPILEPSY. AMONG THEM, STRING ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 37 KEY MRNAS WITH ABUNDANT (>/=4) INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER DYSREGULATED TARGET MRNAS. THE DYSREGULATION OF THE CIRCRNAS WHICH HAD MULTIPLE INTERACTIONS WITH KEY MRNAS WERE VALIDATED BY PCR. WE CONCLUDED THAT DYSREGULATED CIRCRNAS MIGHT HAVE A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC ROLE IN CHRONIC EPILEPSY BY REGULATING MULTIPLE DISEASE RELEVANT MRNAS VIA CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA INTERACTIONS.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
4  5256 25 PROGRESSES IN EPIGENETIC STUDIES OF ASTHMA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HIGH-THROUGHPUT ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGIES: A NARRATIVE REVIEW. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: ASTHMA IS THE MOST COMMON CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN THE WORLD WITH AN ESTIMATED HERITABILITY BETWEEN 50% AND 60%, AND RECENT STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN ITS DEVELOPMENT. MANY CUTTING-EDGE EPIGENETIC RESEARCH TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF ASTHMA, WHICH HAS PROMOTED THE DEVELOPMENT OF ASTHMA ETIOLOGY AND BROUGHT NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR TREATMENT. WE SUMMARIZED RECENT ADVANCES IN EPIGENETIC RESEARCH OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF ASTHMA, ESPECIALLY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HIGH-THROUGHPUT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES, TO FIND POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS AND POSSIBLE MOLECULAR TARGETS FOR THE FUTURE INTERVENTION AND TREATMENT OF THE DISEASE. METHODS: WE REVIEWED AND SUMMARIZED RECENT PROGRESS IN EPIGENOMIC STUDIES OF ASTHMA ON A "PRE-TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL", INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION, AND CHROMATIN REMODELING, AND ON A "POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL LEVEL" WITH A FOCUS ON NON-CODING RNA, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HIGH-THROUGHPUT ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGIES. KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: WE HAVE SUMMARIZED THE PROGRESS OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF RECENT EPIGENETIC STUDIES IN ASTHMA, INCLUDING DNA METHYLATION STUDIES [CANDIDATE GENES METHYLATION STUDIES AND EPIGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY (EWAS)], HISTONE MODIFICATION STUDIES (HISTONE ACETYLATION/DEACETYLATION STUDIES AND HISTONE METHYLATION STUDIES), NON-CODING RNA STUDIES [MICRORNAS (MIRNAS), LONG NON-CODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) AND CIRCULAR RNAS (CIRCRNAS)], TO HELP THE READERS TO GAIN A COMPREHENSIVE INSIGHT INTO THE EPIGENETIC RESEARCH FIELDS FOR ASTHMA. THE APPLICATION OF HIGH-THROUGHPUT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN ASTHMA RESEARCH, INCLUDING EWAS (DNA METHYLATION CHIPS), CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION SEQUENCING (CHIP-SEQ), MICRORNA SEQUENCING, WHOLE TRANSCRIPTOME SEQUENCING, CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK AND COMPETING ENDOGENOUS RNA (CERNA) ANALYSES, WERE INTRODUCED ACCOMPANY WITH THE MAIN FINDINGS. AND THE POTENTIAL EPIGENETIC BIOMARKERS AND POSSIBLE MOLECULAR TARGETS IDENTIFIED VIA HIGH-THROUGHPUT ANALYSES WERE ALSO DISCUSSED. CONCLUSIONS: EPIGENETIC RESEARCH HAS BECOME A HOTSPOT IN RESEARCH ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF ASTHMA. THE COMBINATION OF HIGH-THROUGHPUT EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGIES AND TRADITIONAL BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION AND CLINICAL STUDIES WILL BRING NEW BREAKTHROUGH IN THE PATHOGENESIS STUDY OF ASTHMA, WHICH WILL IMPROVE THE GENETIC INTERPRETATION OF THE DISEASE AND BRING MORE POSSIBILITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRECISION MEDICINE TO TREAT IT.	2022	
                                                                                                    
5  5706 46 SINGLE-MOLECULE QUANTIFICATION OF 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE FOR DIAGNOSIS OF BLOOD AND COLON CANCERS. BACKGROUND: THE DNA MODIFICATION 5-HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE (5HMC) IS NOW REFERRED TO AS THE SIXTH BASE OF DNA WITH EVIDENCE OF TISSUE-SPECIFIC PATTERNS AND CORRELATION WITH GENE REGULATION AND EXPRESSION. THIS EPIGENETIC MARK WAS RECENTLY REPORTED AS A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER FOR MULTIPLE TYPES OF CANCER, BUT ITS APPLICATION IN THE CLINIC IS LIMITED BY THE UTILITY OF RECENT 5HMC QUANTIFICATION ASSAYS. WE USE A RECENTLY DEVELOPED, ULTRA-SENSITIVE, FLUORESCENCE-BASED SINGLE-MOLECULE METHOD FOR GLOBAL QUANTIFICATION OF 5HMC IN GENOMIC DNA. THE HIGH SENSITIVITY OF THE METHOD GIVES ACCESS TO PRECISE QUANTIFICATION OF EXTREMELY LOW 5HMC LEVELS COMMON IN MANY CANCERS. METHODS: WE ASSESSED 5HMC LEVELS IN DNA EXTRACTED FROM A SET OF COLON AND BLOOD CANCER SAMPLES AND COMPARED 5HMC LEVELS WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS, IN A SINGLE-MOLECULE APPROACH. RESULTS: USING OUR METHOD, WE OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED LEVEL OF 5HMC IN BLOOD AND COLON CANCERS AND COULD DISTINGUISH BETWEEN COLON TUMOR AND COLON TISSUE ADJACENT TO THE TUMOR BASED ON THE GLOBAL LEVELS OF THIS MOLECULAR BIOMARKER. CONCLUSIONS: SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION OF 5HMC ALLOWS DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN MALIGNANT AND HEALTHY TISSUE IN CLINICALLY RELEVANT AND ACCESSIBLE TISSUE SUCH AS BLOOD AND COLON. THE PRESENTED METHOD OUTPERFORMS CURRENT COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE QUANTIFICATION KITS AND MAY POTENTIALLY BE DEVELOPED INTO A WIDELY USED, 5HMC QUANTIFICATION ASSAY FOR RESEARCH AND CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS. FURTHERMORE, USING THIS METHOD, WE CONFIRM THAT 5HMC IS A GOOD MOLECULAR BIOMARKER FOR DIAGNOSING COLON AND VARIOUS TYPES OF BLOOD CANCER.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
6  6074 26 THE DYNAMIC CHROMATIN ARCHITECTURE OF THE REGENERATING LIVER. BACKGROUND & AIMS: THE ADULT LIVER IS THE MAIN DETOXIFICATION ORGAN AND ROUTINELY IS EXPOSED TO ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS BUT RETAINS THE ABILITY TO RESTORE ITS MASS AND FUNCTION UPON TISSUE DAMAGE. HOWEVER, EXTENSIVE INJURY CAN LEAD TO LIVER FAILURE, AND CHRONIC INJURY CAUSES FIBROSIS, CIRRHOSIS, AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. CURRENTLY, THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF ORGAN REPAIR IN THE ADULT LIVER IS INCOMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. METHODS: WE ISOLATED NUCLEI FROM QUIESCENT AS WELL AS REPOPULATING HEPATOCYTES IN A MOUSE MODEL OF HEREDITARY TYROSINEMIA, WHICH RECAPITULATES THE INJURY AND REPOPULATION SEEN IN TOXIC LIVER INJURY IN HUMAN BEINGS. WE THEN PERFORMED THE ASSAY FOR TRANSPOSASE ACCESSIBLE CHROMATIN WITH HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING SPECIFICALLY IN REPOPULATING HEPATOCYTES TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY ACCESSIBLE CHROMATIN REGIONS AND NUCLEOSOME POSITIONING. IN ADDITION, WE USED MOTIF ANALYSIS TO PREDICT DIFFERENTIAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR OCCUPANCY AND VALIDATED THE IN SILICO RESULTS WITH CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY SEQUENCING FOR HEPATOCYTE NUCLEAR FACTOR 4ALPHA (HNF4ALPHA) AND CCCTC-BINDING FACTOR (CTCF). RESULTS: CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY IN REPOPULATING HEPATOCYTES WAS INCREASED IN THE REGULATORY REGIONS OF GENES PROMOTING PROLIFERATION AND DECREASED IN THE REGULATORY REGIONS OF GENES INVOLVED IN METABOLISM. THE EPIGENETIC CHANGES AT PROMOTERS AND LIVER ENHANCERS CORRESPOND WITH THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION, WITH ENHANCERS OF MANY LIVER FUNCTION GENES SHOWING A LESS ACCESSIBLE STATE DURING THE REGENERATIVE PROCESS. MOREOVER, INCREASED CTCF OCCUPANCY AT PROMOTERS AND DECREASED HNF4ALPHA BINDING AT ENHANCERS IMPLICATE THESE FACTORS AS KEY DRIVERS OF THE TRANSCRIPTOMIC CHANGES IN REPLICATING HEPATOCYTES THAT ENABLE LIVER REPOPULATION. CONCLUSIONS: OUR ANALYSIS OF HEPATOCYTE-SPECIFIC EPIGENOMIC CHANGES DURING LIVER REPOPULATION IDENTIFIED CTCF AND HNF4ALPHA AS KEY REGULATORS OF HEPATOCYTE PROLIFERATION AND REGULATION OF METABOLIC PROGRAMS. THUS, LIVER REPOPULATION IN THE SETTING OF TOXIC INJURY MAKES USE OF BOTH GENERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS (CTCF) FOR PROMOTER ACTIVATION, AND REDUCED BINDING BY A HEPATOCYTE-ENRICHED FACTOR (HNF4ALPHA) TO TEMPORARILY LIMIT ENHANCER ACTIVITY. ALL SEQUENCING DATA IN THIS STUDY WERE DEPOSITED TO THE GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS DATABASE AND CAN BE DOWNLOADED WITH ACCESSION NUMBER GSE109466.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
7  4059 21 MASSIVE ANALYSIS OF CDNA ENDS (MACE) AND MIRNA EXPRESSION PROFILING IDENTIFIES PROATHEROGENIC PATHWAYS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION CONTRIBUTES TO THE HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE BURDEN IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) PATIENTS. ALTHOUGH MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE CENTRAL EPIGENETIC REGULATORS, WHICH SUBSTANTIALLY AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD), NO DATA ON MIRNA DYSREGULATION IN CKD-ASSOCIATED CVD ARE AVAILABLE UNTIL NOW. WE NOW PERFORMED HIGH-THROUGHPUT MIRNA SEQUENCING OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS FROM TEN CLINICALLY STABLE HEMODIALYSIS (HD) PATIENTS AND TEN HEALTHY CONTROLS, WHICH ALLOWED US TO IDENTIFY 182 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS (E.G., MIR-21, MIR-26B, MIR-146B, MIR-155). TO TEST BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE, WE AIMED TO CONNECT MIRNA DYSREGULATION TO DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION. GENOME-WIDE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING BY MACE (MASSIVE ANALYSIS OF CDNA ENDS) IDENTIFIED 80 GENES TO BE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED BETWEEN HD PATIENTS AND CONTROLS, WHICH COULD BE LINKED TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (E.G., KLF6, DUSP6, KLF4), TO INFECTION / IMMUNE DISEASE (E.G., ZFP36, SOCS3, JUND), AND TO DISTINCT PROATHEROGENIC PATHWAYS SUCH AS THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY (E.G., IL1B, MYD88, TICAM2), THE MAPK SIGNALING PATHWAY (E.G., DUSP1, FOS, HSPA1A), AND THE CHEMOKINE SIGNALING PATHWAY (E.G., RHOA, PAK1, CXCL5). FORMAL INTERACTION NETWORK ANALYSIS PROVED BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE OF MIRNA DYSREGULATION, AS 68 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MIRNAS COULD BE CONNECTED TO 47 RECIPROCALLY EXPRESSED TARGET GENES. OUR STUDY IS THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE MIRNA ANALYSIS IN CKD THAT LINKS DYSREGULATED MIRNA EXPRESSION WITH DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF GENES CONNECTED TO INFLAMMATION AND CVD. AFTER RECENT ANIMAL DATA SUGGESTED THAT TARGETING MIRNAS IS BENEFICIAL IN EXPERIMENTAL CVD, OUR DATA MAY NOW SPUR FURTHER RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF CKD-ASSOCIATED HUMAN CVD.	2014	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
8  5702 20 SINGLE-CELL GENOMICS FOR INVESTIGATING PATHOGENESIS OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. RECENT TECHNICAL ADVANCES HAVE ENABLED UNBIASED TRANSCRIPTOMIC AND EPIGENETIC ANALYSIS OF EACH CELL, KNOWN AS "SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS". SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS HAS A VARIETY OF TECHNICAL APPROACHES TO INVESTIGATE THE STATE OF EACH CELL, INCLUDING MRNA LEVELS (TRANSCRIPTOME), THE IMMUNE REPERTOIRE (IMMUNE REPERTOIRE ANALYSIS), CELL SURFACE PROTEINS (SURFACE PROTEOME ANALYSIS), CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY (EPIGENOME), AND ACCORDANCE WITH GENOME VARIANTS (EQTLS; EXPRESSION QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI). AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR INVESTIGATING ROBUST IMMUNE RESPONSES IN CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19), MANY RESEARCHERS PERFORMED SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS TO CAPTURE THE DIVERSE, UNBIASED IMMUNE CELL ACTIVATION AND DIFFERENTIATION. DESPITE CHALLENGES ELUCIDATING THE COMPLICATED IMMUNE MICROENVIRONMENTS OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES USING EXISTING EXPERIMENTAL METHODS, IT IS NOW POSSIBLE TO CAPTURE THE SIMULTANEOUS IMMUNE FEATURES OF DIFFERENT CELL TYPES ACROSS INFLAMED TISSUES USING VARIOUS SINGLE-CELL TOOLS. IN THIS REVIEW, WE INTRODUCE PATIENT-BASED AND EXPERIMENTAL MOUSE MODEL RESEARCH UTILIZING SINGLE-CELL ANALYSES IN THE FIELD OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, AS WELL AS MULTI-ORGAN ATLAS TARGETING IMMUNE CELLS.	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
9  1132 24 COMPREHENSIVE DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS USING A METHYL-CPG-BINDING DOMAIN CAPTURE-BASED METHOD IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS. THE ROLE OF LONG NONCODING RNAS (LNCRNAS) IN CANCER IS COMING TO THE FOREFRONT DUE TO GROWING INTEREST IN UNDERSTANDING THEIR MECHANISTIC FUNCTIONS DURING CANCER DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION. DESPITE THIS, THE GLOBAL EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF LNCRNAS AND REPETITIVE SEQUENCES IN CANCER HAS NOT BEEN WELL INVESTIGATED, PARTICULARLY IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). THIS STUDY FOCUSES ON A UNIQUE APPROACH: THE IMMUNOPRECIPITATION-BASED CAPTURE OF DOUBLE-STRANDED, METHYLATED DNA FRAGMENTS USING METHYL-BINDING DOMAIN (MBD) PROTEINS, FOLLOWED BY NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING (MBD-SEQ). CLL PATIENT SAMPLES BELONGING TO TWO PROGNOSTIC SUBGROUPS (5 IGVH MUTATED SAMPLES + 5 IGVH UNMUTATED SAMPLES) WERE USED IN THIS STUDY. ANALYSIS REVEALED 5,800 HYPERMETHYLATED AND 12,570 HYPOMETHYLATED CLL-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENES (CLLDMGS) COMPARED TO NORMAL HEALTHY CONTROLS. IMPORTANTLY, THESE RESULTS IDENTIFIED SEVERAL CLL-SPECIFIC, DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED LNCRNAS, REPETITIVE ELEMENTS, AND PROTEIN-CODING GENES WITH POTENTIAL PROGNOSTIC VALUE. THIS WORK OUTLINES A DETAILED PROTOCOL FOR AN MBD-SEQ AND BIOINFORMATICS PIPELINE DEVELOPED FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL METHYLATION PROFILES IN HIGHLY CPG-RICH REGIONS USING CLL PATIENT SAMPLES. FINALLY, A PROTEIN-CODING GENE AND AN LNCRNA WERE VALIDATED USING PYROSEQUENCING, WHICH IS A HIGHLY QUANTITATIVE METHOD TO ANALYZE CPG METHYLATION LEVELS TO FURTHER CORROBORATE THE FINDINGS FROM THE MBD-SEQ PROTOCOL.	2017	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
10   390 24 AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF PATHWAY CONVERGENCE IN GENETICALLY HETEROGENEOUS BLAST CRISIS CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA. TARGETED THERAPIES AGAINST THE BCR-ABL1 KINASE HAVE REVOLUTIONIZED TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PHASE (CP) CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML). IN CONTRAST, MANAGEMENT OF BLAST CRISIS (BC) CML REMAINS CHALLENGING BECAUSE BC CELLS ACQUIRE COMPLEX MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS THAT CONFER STEMNESS FEATURES TO PROGENITOR POPULATIONS AND RESISTANCE TO BCR-ABL1 TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS. COMPREHENSIVE MODELS OF BC TRANSFORMATION HAVE PROVED ELUSIVE BECAUSE OF THE RARITY AND GENETIC HETEROGENEITY OF BC, BUT ARE IMPORTANT FOR DEVELOPING BIOMARKERS PREDICTING BC PROGRESSION AND EFFECTIVE THERAPIES. TO BETTER UNDERSTAND BC, WE PERFORMED AN INTEGRATED MULTIOMICS ANALYSIS OF 74 CP AND BC SAMPLES USING WHOLE-GENOME AND EXOME SEQUENCING, TRANSCRIPTOME AND METHYLOME PROFILING, AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION FOLLOWED BY HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING. EMPLOYING PATHWAY-BASED ANALYSIS, WE FOUND THE BC GENOME WAS SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED FOR MUTATIONS AFFECTING COMPONENTS OF THE POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX (PRC) PATHWAY. WHILE TRANSCRIPTOMICALLY, BC PROGENITORS WERE ENRICHED AND DEPLETED FOR PRC1- AND PRC2-RELATED GENE SETS RESPECTIVELY. BY INTEGRATING OUR DATA SETS, WE DETERMINED THAT BC PROGENITORS UNDERGO PRC-DRIVEN EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING TOWARD A CONVERGENT TRANSCRIPTOMIC STATE. SPECIFICALLY, PRC2 DIRECTS BC DNA HYPERMETHYLATION, WHICH IN TURN SILENCES KEY GENES INVOLVED IN MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR FUNCTION VIA SO-CALLED EPIGENETIC SWITCHING, WHEREAS PRC1 REPRESSES AN OVERLAPPING AND DISTINCT SET OF GENES, INCLUDING NOVEL BC TUMOR SUPPRESSORS. ON THE BASIS OF THESE OBSERVATIONS, WE DEVELOPED AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF BC THAT FACILITATED THE IDENTIFICATION OF COMBINATORIAL THERAPIES CAPABLE OF REVERSING BC REPROGRAMMING (DECITABINE+PRC1 INHIBITORS), NOVEL PRC-SILENCED TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES (NR4A2), AND GENE EXPRESSION SIGNATURES PREDICTIVE OF DISEASE PROGRESSION AND DRUG RESISTANCE IN CP.	2020	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
11  3493 22 IDENTIFICATION OF KEY GENES, PATHWAYS, AND MIRNA/MRNA REGULATORY NETWORKS OF CUMS-INDUCED DEPRESSION IN NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS BY INTEGRATED BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS. INTRODUCTION: MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD) IS A RECURRENT, DEVASTATING MENTAL DISORDER, WHICH AFFECTS >350 MILLION PEOPLE WORLDWIDE, AND EXERTS SUBSTANTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH AND FINANCIAL COSTS TO SOCIETY. THUS, THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT NEED TO DISCOVER INNOVATIVE THERAPEUTICS TO TREAT DEPRESSION EFFICIENTLY. STRESS-INDUCED DYSFUNCTION IN THE SUBTYPE OF NEURONAL CELLS AND THE CHANGE OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AND STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY OF NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS (NAC) ARE IMPLICATED IN DEPRESSION SYMPTOMOLOGY. HOWEVER, THE MOLECULAR AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS AND STRESSES TO THE NAC PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN DEPRESSION REMAIN ELUSIVE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IN THIS STUDY, TREATMENT GROUP MICE WERE TREATED CONTINUALLY WITH THE CHRONIC UNPREDICTABLE MILD STRESS (CUMS) UNTIL EXPRESSION OF DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS WERE FOUND. DEPRESSION WAS CONFIRMED WITH SUCROSE PREFERENCE, NOVELTY-SUPPRESSED FEEDING, FORCED SWIMMING, AND TAIL SUSPENSION TESTS. WE APPLIED HIGH-THROUGHPUT RNA SEQUENCING TO ASSESS MICRORNA EXPRESSION AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILES IN THE NAC TISSUE FROM DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS MICE AND CONTROL MICE. THE REGULATORY NETWORK OF MIRNAS/MRNAS WAS CONSTRUCTED BASED ON THE HIGH-THROUGHPUT RNA SEQUENCE AND BIOINFORMATICS SOFTWARE PREDICTIONS. RESULTS: A TOTAL OF 17 MIRNAS AND 10 MRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY UPREGULATED IN THE NAC OF CUMS-INDUCED MICE WITH DEPRESSION-LIKE BEHAVIORS, AND 12 MIRNAS AND 29 MRNAS WERE DOWNREGULATED. A SERIES OF BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSES SHOWED THAT THESE ALTERED MIRNAS PREDICTED TARGET MRNA AND DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MRNAS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY ENRICHED IN THE MAPK SIGNALING PATHWAY, GABAERGIC SYNAPSE, DOPAMINERGIC SYNAPSE, CYTOKINE-CYTOKINE RECEPTOR INTERACTION, AXON GUIDANCE, REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGY, AND SO ON. FURTHERMORE, DUAL LUCIFERASE REPORT ASSAY AND QRT-PCR RESULTS VALIDATED THE MIRNA/MRNA REGULATORY NETWORK. CONCLUSION: THE DETERIORATIONS OF GABAERGIC SYNAPSES, DOPAMINERGIC SYNAPSES, NEUROTRANSMITTER SYNTHESIS, AS WELL AS AUTOPHAGY-ASSOCIATED APOPTOTIC PATHWAY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE MOLECULAR PATHOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF CUMS-INDUCED DEPRESSION.	2019	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
12  3617 18 IN VITRO MODELING OF CD8(+) T CELL EXHAUSTION ENABLES CRISPR SCREENING TO REVEAL A ROLE FOR BHLHE40. IDENTIFYING MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF EXHAUSTED CD8 T CELLS (T(EX)) IS A KEY GOAL OF IMPROVING IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES. HOWEVER, HIGH-THROUGHPUT INTERROGATION OF IN VIVO T(EX) CAN BE COSTLY AND INEFFICIENT. IN VITRO MODELS OF T(EX) ARE EASILY CUSTOMIZABLE AND QUICKLY GENERATE HIGH CELLULAR YIELD, ENABLING CRISPR SCREENING AND OTHER HIGH-THROUGHPUT ASSAYS. WE ESTABLISHED AN IN VITRO MODEL OF CHRONIC STIMULATION AND BENCHMARKED KEY PHENOTYPIC, FUNCTIONAL, TRANSCRIPTIONAL, AND EPIGENETIC FEATURES AGAINST BONA FIDE IN VIVO T(EX). WE LEVERAGED THIS MODEL OF IN VITRO CHRONIC STIMULATION IN COMBINATION WITH CRISPR SCREENING TO IDENTIFY TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS OF T CELL EXHAUSTION. THIS APPROACH IDENTIFIED SEVERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, INCLUDING BHLHE40. IN VITRO AND IN VIVO VALIDATION DEFINED A ROLE FOR BHLHE40 IN REGULATING A KEY DIFFERENTIATION CHECKPOINT BETWEEN PROGENITOR AND INTERMEDIATE T(EX) SUBSETS. BY DEVELOPING AND BENCHMARKING AN IN VITRO MODEL OF T(EX), THEN APPLYING HIGH-THROUGHPUT CRISPR SCREENING, WE DEMONSTRATE THE UTILITY OF MECHANISTICALLY ANNOTATED IN VITRO MODELS OF T(EX).	2023	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
13  3501 30 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS BY INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION DATA. INTRODUCTION: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) IS A HETEROGENEOUS AND CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE. ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION OCCURS DURING VARIOUS PROCESSES OF SLE DEVELOPMENT REGULATING THE MRNA EXPRESSION OF INTERRELATED GENES. THIS STUDY AIMS TO SCREEN POTENTIAL DNA METHYLATION MARKERS FOR SLE. METHODS: GENE EXPRESSION AND METHYLATION DATASETS WERE DOWNLOADED FROM THE GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS (GEO) DATABASE. DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES (DEGS) BETWEEN SLE PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE SCREENED USING THE LIMMA R PACKAGE, AND DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED POSITIONS (DMPS) AND REGIONS (DMRS) WERE IDENTIFIED USING DMPFINDER AND BUMPHUNTER (MINFI). ADDITIONALLY, THE DNA METHYLATION MARKERS TO DISTINGUISH SLE PATIENTS FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS WERE EXPLORED THROUGH RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC (ROC) CURVES AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSES. FINALLY, WE VALIDATED THE RESULTS OF THE BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS BY PYROSEQUENCING. RESULTS: IN TOTAL, 91 DEGS, 90,092 DMPS, 15 DMRS, AND 13 DMR-ASSOCIATED GENES WERE IDENTIFIED. THROUGH THE INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEG- AND DMR-ASSOCIATED GENES, WE IDENTIFIED FIVE TYPE I INTERFERON (IFN)-RELATED GENES AS KEY EPIGENETIC-DRIVEN GENES IN SLE. GO ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE FIVE SLE-ASSOCIATED EPIGENETIC-DRIVEN GENES WERE MAINLY ENRICHED IN THE TYPE I IFN SIGNALING PATHWAY INVOLVED IN IMMUNE RESPONSE AND DEFENSE RESPONSE TO VIRUS. MOREOVER, WE IDENTIFIED TWO SLE-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION MARKERS, THREE SLE WITHOUT LUPUS NEPHRITIS (SLE-LN(-))-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION MARKERS, AND TWO SLE WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS (SLE-LN(+))-SPECIFIC DNA METHYLATION MARKERS BY STEPWISE LOGISTIC REGRESSION. CONCLUSIONS: OVERALL, OUR STUDY DEMONSTRATES POTENTIAL DNA METHYLATION MARKERS OF SLE, SLE-LN(-), AND SLE-LN(+), WHICH MAY HELP THE DIAGNOSIS, BOOST THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW EPIGENETIC THERAPY, AND CONTRIBUTE TO INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT. KEY POINTS * THIS STUDY IDENTIFIED FIVE TYPE I IFN-RELATED GENES AS KEY EPIGENETIC-DRIVEN GENES IN SLE, WHICH SUPPORT THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TYPE I IFN PATHWAY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SLE * WE IDENTIFIED NOVEL DNA METHYLATION BIOMARKERS IN SLE, SLE-LN-, AND SLE-LN+ BY A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOINFORMATICS METHODS AND EXECUTED EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION, AND BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THEY HAVE EXCELLENT POTENTIAL * THESE RESULTS MAY PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF SLE, AND IDENTIFY RELIABLE BIOMARKERS FOR SLE, SLE-LN-, AND SLE-LN+, WHICH MAY CONTRIBUTE TO DIAGNOSIS AND INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT.	2023	
                                                                          
14  4287 27 MICRORNA EXPRESSION PROFILING IN BEHCET'S DISEASE. BACKGROUND: BEHCET'S DISEASE (BD) IS A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY MULTISYSTEM DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY ORAL AND GENITAL ULCERS, UVEITIS, AND SKIN LESIONS. MICRORNAS (MIRNAS) ARE KEY REGULATORS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES. DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS HAS BEEN REPORTED IN SEVERAL INFLAMMATORY AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; HOWEVER, THEIR ROLE IN BD IS NOT FULLY ELUCIDATED. WE AIMED TO IDENTIFY MIRNA EXPRESSION SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH BD AND TO INVESTIGATE THEIR POTENTIAL IMPLICATION IN THE DISEASE PATHOGENESIS. METHODS: MIRNA MICROARRAY ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED IN BLOOD CELLS OF BD PATIENTS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS. MIRNA EXPRESSION PROFILES WERE ANALYZED USING AFFYMETRIX ARRAYS WITH A COMPREHENSIVE COVERAGE OF MIRNA SEQUENCES. PATHWAY ANALYSES WERE PERFORMED, AND THE GLOBAL MIRNA PROFILING WAS COMBINED WITH TRANSCRIPTOMA DATA IN BD. DEREGULATION OF SELECTED MIRNAS WAS VALIDATED BY REAL-TIME PCR. RESULTS: WE IDENTIFIED SPECIFIC MIRNA SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH BD PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE DISEASE. THESE MIRNAS TARGET PATHWAYS RELEVANT IN BD, SUCH AS TNF, IFN GAMMA, AND VEGF-VEGFR SIGNALING CASCADES. NETWORK ANALYSIS REVEALED SEVERAL MIRNAS REGULATING HIGHLY CONNECTED GENES WITHIN THE BD TRANSCRIPTOMA. CONCLUSIONS: THE COMBINED ANALYSIS OF DEREGULATED MIRNAS AND BD TRANSCRIPTOME SHEDS LIGHT ON SOME EPIGENETIC ASPECTS OF BD IDENTIFYING SPECIFIC MIRNAS, WHICH MAY REPRESENT PROMISING CANDIDATES AS BIOMARKERS AND/OR FOR THE DESIGN OF NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN BD.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
15   812 22 CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME PATIENTS REFLECT SYSTEMIC DYSFUNCTIONS. BACKGROUND: MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (ME/CFS) IS A LIFELONG DEBILITATING DISEASE WITH A COMPLEX PATHOLOGY NOT YET CLEARLY DEFINED. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ME/CFS INVOLVES GENETIC PREDISPOSITION AND EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, SUGGESTING AN EPIGENETIC ASSOCIATION. EPIGENETIC STUDIES WITH OTHER ME/CFS COHORTS HAVE USED ARRAY-BASED TECHNOLOGY TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED INDIVIDUAL SITES. CHANGES IN RNA QUANTITIES AND PROTEIN ABUNDANCE HAVE BEEN DOCUMENTED IN OUR PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS WITH THE SAME ME/CFS COHORT USED FOR THIS STUDY. RESULTS: DNA FROM A WELL-CHARACTERISED NEW ZEALAND COHORT OF 10 ME/CFS PATIENTS AND 10 AGE-/SEX-MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS WAS ISOLATED FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR (PBMC) CELLS, AND USED TO GENERATE REDUCED GENOME-SCALE DNA METHYLATION MAPS USING REDUCED REPRESENTATION BISULPHITE SEQUENCING (RRBS). THE SEQUENCING DATA WERE ANALYSED UTILISING THE DMAP ANALYSIS PIPELINE TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS, AND THE METHYLKIT PIPELINE WAS USED TO QUANTIFY METHYLATION DIFFERENCES AT INDIVIDUAL CPG SITES. DMAP IDENTIFIED 76 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED FRAGMENTS AND METHYLKIT IDENTIFIED 394 DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED CYTOSINES THAT INCLUDED BOTH HYPER- AND HYPO-METHYLATION. FOUR CLUSTERS WERE IDENTIFIED WHERE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED DNA FRAGMENTS OVERLAPPED WITH OR WERE WITHIN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO MULTIPLE DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED INDIVIDUAL CYTOSINES. THESE CLUSTERS IDENTIFIED REGULATORY REGIONS FOR 17 PROTEIN ENCODING GENES RELATED TO METABOLIC AND IMMUNE ACTIVITY. ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIALLY METHYLATED GENE BODIES (EXONS/INTRONS) IDENTIFIED 122 UNIQUE GENES. COMPARISON WITH OTHER STUDIES ON PBMCS FROM ME/CFS PATIENTS AND CONTROLS WITH ARRAY TECHNOLOGY SHOWED 59% OF THE GENES IDENTIFIED IN THIS STUDY WERE ALSO FOUND IN ONE OR MORE OF THESE STUDIES. FUNCTIONAL PATHWAY ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED 30 ASSOCIATED PATHWAYS. THESE INCLUDED IMMUNE, METABOLIC AND NEUROLOGICAL-RELATED FUNCTIONS DIFFERENTIALLY REGULATED IN ME/CFS PATIENTS COMPARED TO THE MATCHED HEALTHY CONTROLS. CONCLUSIONS: MAJOR DIFFERENCES WERE IDENTIFIED IN THE DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF ME/CFS PATIENTS THAT CLEARLY DISTINGUISHED THEM FROM THE HEALTHY CONTROLS. OVER HALF FOUND IN GENE BODIES WITH RRBS IN THIS STUDY HAD BEEN IDENTIFIED IN OTHER ME/CFS STUDIES USING THE SAME CELLS BUT WITH ARRAY TECHNOLOGY. WITHIN THE ENRICHED FUNCTIONAL IMMUNE, METABOLIC AND NEUROLOGICAL PATHWAYS, A NUMBER OF ENRICHED NEUROTRANSMITTER AND NEUROPEPTIDE REACTOME PATHWAYS HIGHLIGHTED A DISTURBED NEUROLOGICAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WITHIN THE PATIENT GROUP.	2020	

16  1336 21 DESCRIBING A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DEPENDENT REGULATION OF THE MICRORNA TRANSCRIPTOME. WHILE THE TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION OF PROTEIN CODING GENES WAS EXTENSIVELY STUDIED, LITTLE IS KNOWN ON HOW TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS ARE INVOLVED IN TRANSCRIPTION OF NON-CODING RNAS, SPECIFICALLY OF MICRORNAS. HERE, WE PROPOSE A STRATEGY TO STUDY THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IN REGULATING TRANSCRIPTION OF MICRORNAS USING PUBLICALLY AVAILABLE DATA, COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCES AND HIGH THROUGHPUT DATA. WE USE THE H3K4ME3 EPIGENETIC SIGNATURE TO IDENTIFY MICRORNA PROMOTERS AND CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION (CHIP)-SEQUENCING DATA FROM THE ENCODE PROJECT TO IDENTIFY MICRORNA PROMOTERS THAT ARE ENRICHED WITH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR BINDING SITES. BY TRANSFECTING CELLS OF INTEREST WITH SHRNA TARGETING A TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR OF INTEREST AND SUBJECTING THE CELLS TO MICRORNA ARRAY, WE STUDY THE EFFECT OF THIS TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ON THE MICRORNA TRANSCRIPTOME. AS AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE WE USE OUR STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF STAT3 ON THE MICRORNA TRANSCRIPTOME OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) CELLS.	2016	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
17  2771 25 EXTENSIVE PROMOTER DNA HYPERMETHYLATION AND HYPOMETHYLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT MICRORNA EXPRESSION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. DYSREGULATED MICRORNA (MIRNA) EXPRESSION CONTRIBUTES TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF HEMATOPOIETIC MALIGNANCIES, INCLUDING CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL). HOWEVER, AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE MECHANISMS THAT CAUSE ABERRANT MIRNA TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL IS LACKING. IN THIS STUDY, WE COMPREHENSIVELY INVESTIGATED THE ROLE AND EXTENT OF MIRNA EPIGENETIC REGULATION IN CLL. GENOME-WIDE PROFILING CONDUCTED ON 24 CLL AND 10 HEALTHY B CELL SAMPLES REVEALED GLOBAL DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS UPSTREAM OF MIRNA SEQUENCES THAT DISTINGUISHED MALIGNANT FROM HEALTHY CELLS AND IDENTIFIED PUTATIVE MIRNA PROMOTERS. INTEGRATION OF DNA METHYLATION AND MIRNA PROMOTER DATA LED TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF 128 RECURRENT MIRNA TARGETS FOR ABERRANT PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION. DNA HYPOMETHYLATION ACCOUNTED FOR MORE THAN 60% OF ALL ABERRANT PROMOTER-ASSOCIATED DNA METHYLATION IN CLL, AND PROMOTER DNA HYPOMETHYLATION WAS RESTRICTED TO WELL-DEFINED REGIONS. INDIVIDUAL HYPER- AND HYPOMETHYLATED PROMOTERS ALLOWED DISCRIMINATION OF CLL SAMPLES FROM HEALTHY CONTROLS. PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS WERE CONFIRMED IN AN INDEPENDENT PATIENT COHORT, WITH 11 MIRNAS CONSISTENTLY SHOWING AN INVERSE CORRELATION BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION STATUS AND EXPRESSION LEVEL. TOGETHER, OUR FINDINGS CHARACTERIZE THE ROLE OF EPIGENETIC CHANGES IN THE REGULATION OF MIRNA TRANSCRIPTION AND CREATE A REPOSITORY OF DISEASE-SPECIFIC PROMOTER REGIONS THAT MAY PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOGENESIS OF CLL.	2012	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
18  3504 29 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIALLY FUNCTIONAL CIRCRNAS AND PREDICTION OF CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA REGULATORY NETWORK IN PERIODONTITIS: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN BIOINFORMATICS AND CLINICAL NEEDS. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: PERIODONTITIS IS A MULTIFACTORIAL CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE THAT CAN LEAD TO THE IRREVERSIBLE DESTRUCTION OF DENTAL SUPPORT TISSUES. AS AN EPIGENETIC FACTOR, THE EXPRESSION OF CIRCRNA IS TISSUE-DEPENDENT AND DISEASE-DEPENDENT. THIS STUDY AIMED TO IDENTIFY NOVEL PERIODONTITIS-ASSOCIATED CIRCRNAS AND PREDICT RELEVANT CIRCRNA-PERIODONTITIS REGULATORY NETWORK BY USING RECENTLY DEVELOPED BIOINFORMATIC TOOLS AND INTEGRATING SEQUENCING PROFILING WITH CLINICAL INFORMATION FOR GETTING A BETTER AND MORE THOROUGH IMAGE OF PERIODONTITIS PATHOGENESIS, FROM GENE TO CLINIC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING AND RT-QPCR WERE CONDUCTED TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED CIRCRNAS IN GINGIVAL TISSUES FROM PERIODONTITIS PATIENTS. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UPREGULATED CIRCRNAS EXPRESSION AND PROBING DEPTH (PD) WAS PERFORMED USING SPEARMAN'S CORRELATION ANALYSIS. BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSES INCLUDING GO ANALYSIS, CIRCRNA-DISEASE ASSOCIATION PREDICTION, AND CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA NETWORK PREDICTION WERE PERFORMED TO CLARIFY POTENTIAL REGULATORY FUNCTIONS OF IDENTIFIED CIRCRNAS IN PERIODONTITIS. A RECEIVER-OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC (ROC) CURVE WAS ESTABLISHED TO ASSESS THE DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF IDENTIFIED CIRCRNAS. RESULTS: HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING IDENTIFIED 70 DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED CIRCRNAS (68 UPREGULATED AND 2 DOWNREGULATED CIRCRNAS) IN HUMAN PERIODONTITIS (FOLD CHANGE >2.0 AND P < .05). THE TOP FIVE UPREGULATED CIRCRNAS WERE VALIDATED BY RT-QPCR THAT HAD STRONG ASSOCIATIONS WITH MULTIPLE HUMAN DISEASES, INCLUDING PERIODONTITIS. THE UPREGULATION OF CIRCRNAS WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH PD (R = .40-.69, P < .05, MODERATE). A CIRCRNA-MIRNA-MRNA NETWORK WITH THE TOP FIVE UPREGULATED CIRCRNAS, DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED MRNAS, AND OVERLAPPED PREDICTED MIRNAS INDICATED POTENTIAL ROLES OF CIRCRNAS IN IMMUNE RESPONSE, CELL APOPTOSIS, MIGRATION, ADHESION, AND REACTION TO OXIDATIVE STRESS. THE ROC CURVE SHOWED THAT CIRCRNAS HAD POTENTIAL VALUE IN PERIODONTITIS DIAGNOSIS (AUC = 0.7321-0.8667, P < .05). CONCLUSION: CIRCRNA-DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS WERE PREDICTED BY ONLINE BIOINFORMATIC TOOLS. POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN UPREGULATED CIRCRNAS, CIRCPTP4A2, CHR22:23101560-23135351+, CIRCARHGEF28, CIRCBARD1 AND CIRCRASA2, AND PD SUGGESTED FUNCTION OF CIRCRNAS IN PERIODONTITIS. NETWORK PREDICTION FURTHER FOCUSED ON DOWNSTREAM TARGETS REGULATED BY CIRCRNAS DURING PERIODONTITIS PATHOGENESIS.	2022	
                                                                                                                      
19  1577 21 DNA METHYLATION PROFILE IN CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA ASSOCIATES WITH DISTINCT CLINICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC FEATURES. CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES ARE DETECTED IN 20-30% OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML) AND CORRELATE WITH PROGNOSIS. ON THE MUTATION LEVEL, DISRUPTIVE ALTERATIONS ARE PARTICULARLY FREQUENT IN CHROMATIN REGULATORY GENES. HOWEVER, LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THE CONSEQUENTIAL ALTERATIONS IN THE EPIGENETIC MARKING OF THE GENOME. HERE, WE REPORT THE ANALYSIS OF GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS OF 64 CMML PATIENTS AND 10 HEALTHY CONTROLS, USING A DNA METHYLATION MICROARRAY FOCUSED ON PROMOTER REGIONS. DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN PATIENTS AND CONTROLS ALLOWED US TO IDENTIFY ABNORMALITIES IN DNA METHYLATION, INCLUDING HYPERMETHYLATION OF SPECIFIC GENES AND LARGE GENOME REGIONS WITH ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION. UNSUPERVISED HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED TWO MAIN CLUSTERS THAT ASSOCIATED WITH THE CLINICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND GENETIC FEATURES OF PATIENTS. GROUP 1 WAS ENRICHED IN PATIENTS WITH ADVERSE CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND POORER OVERALL AND PROGRESSION-FREE SURVIVAL. IN ADDITION, SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN DNA METHYLATION WERE OBSERVED BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH LOW RISK AND INTERMEDIATE/HIGH RISK KARYOTYPES AND BETWEEN TET2 MUTANT AND WILD TYPE PATIENTS. TAKEN TOGETHER, OUR RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT ALTERED DNA METHYLATION PATTERNS REFLECT THE CMML DISEASE STATE AND ALLOW TO IDENTIFY PATIENT GROUPS WITH DISTINCT CLINICAL FEATURES.	2018	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
20  4052 23 MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION OF A DYSEMBRYOPLASTIC NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMOR (DNET) CHARACTERIZED BY GENOME-WIDE METHYLATION ANALYSIS. DYSEMBRYOPLASTIC NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMORS (DNET) ARE CONSIDERED TO BE RARE, BENIGN, AND ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC EPILEPSY. WE PRESENT THE CASE OF A 28-YEAR-OLD MAN WITH A HISTORY OF EPILEPSY SINCE AGE 12. SURGERY OF AN OCCIPITAL CORTICAL LESION IN 2009 REVEALED A DNET. FIVE YEARS LATER, A RECURRENT TUMOR AT THE EDGE OF THE RESECTION CAVITY WAS REMOVED, AND THE TISSUE UNDERWENT AN INTENSIVE DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP. THE FIRST TUMOR WAS UNEQUIVOCALLY CHARACTERIZED AS A DNET, BUT NEUROPATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF THE RECURRENT TUMOR REVEALED A GLIOBLASTOMA. AFTER 6 MONTHS, ANOTHER RECURRENT TUMOR WAS DETECTED NEXT TO THE LOCATION OF THE ORIGINAL TUMOR, AND THIS WAS ALSO RESECTED. AN ILLUMINA 450 K BEADCHIP METHYLATION ARRAY WAS PERFORMED TO CHARACTERIZE ALL OF THE TUMORS. THE METHYLATION PROFILE OF THESE TUMORS SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERED FROM OTHER GLIOBLASTOMA AND EPILEPSY-ASSOCIATED TUMOR PROFILES AND REVEALED A DNET-LIKE METHYLATION PROFILE. THUS, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THESE RECURRENT TUMORS SUGGESTS MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION OF A PREVIOUSLY BENIGN DNET. WE FOUND INCREASED COPY NUMBER CHANGES IN THE RECURRENT DNET TUMORS AFTER MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION. MODERN HIGH-THROUGHPUT ANALYSIS ADDS ESSENTIAL MOLECULAR INFORMATION IN ADDITION TO STANDARD HISTOPATHOLOGY FOR PROPER IDENTIFICATION OF RARE BRAIN TUMORS THAT PRESENT WITH AN UNUSUAL CLINICAL COURSE.	2016